西方民主行政理论产生的原因探索

Research on the causes of birth of democratic administration theory in the Western countries

西方的民主行政理论是作为官僚制行政理论的对立面提出来的,中外学者关于民主行政理论的共识性要素是强调公民对公共决策的直接参与,这与共和主义民主的精义不谋而合。共和主义民主强调公民通过直接参与公共事务的决策,实现在场的民主,而获得政治效能感,从而夯实了公共权力行使的合法性根基。民主行政理论的提出,基于共和主义民主、自由主义民主以及合法性这三个维度观察,肇因于自由主义民主建制的合法性危机,而产生的对共和主义民主诉求的结果。自由主义民主建制的合法性危机集中表现为情境变迁导致的合法性危机、官僚制与民主的关系导致的合法性危机以及自由主义民主建制本身的合法性弱势。为了消解合法性危机,人们发掘了共和主义民主的长处,力图通过在既定代议制民主的框架下实现共和主义民主的增长与扩张来达到这一目的。

As an antitheses of bureaucratic administration theory, democratic administration theory＇ s consensus factor is the citizens＇ direct paticipation in the public affairs being decided, which is the essence of republicanism democracy. Republicanism democracy emphasizes the at-present democracy of the citizens＇ direct participation in the dicision of public affairs to get the political self-efficacy sense, which lays the solid foundation for the employment of the public power. From the vision of legitimacy, representative democracy, and republicanism democracy, the birth of democratic administration theory resulted from the crisis of legitimacy in the formation of liberalism democracy, which caused people to pursue republicanism democracy. The crisis of legitimacy in the formation of liberalism democracy was caused by the situation change, the tense relationship between bureaucracy and democracy, the legitimacy weakness of liberalism democracy. In order to mitigate the legitimacy crisis, the strength of republicanism democracy was found and employed in the framework of representative democracy.