山东省重点城市供水水源地环境地质问题及开采潜力分析

Environmental and Geological Problems and an Analysis of the Potentialities of Exploiting Water in Key Cities in Shandong Province

山东省地下水资源丰富,水质优良,是各城市供水的主要水源。受城市化进程加快、城市规模扩大、工业发展迅速影响,重点城市对自然环境的环境容量和其承受能力的要求也越来越大,供水水源地长期持续大量开采或超采,引发了不同的环境地质问题,主要有岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降、地下水超采漏斗、地裂缝、海(咸)水入侵和水质污染等。在现状开采程度下,采用开采潜力指数法和长期开采动态分析法评价全省重点城市供水水源地开采潜力,以济西、大武、下马头和大沽夹河4处水源地开采潜力最大,而德州、菏泽及滨州三城区水源地水位持续下降,地下水处于超采状态。

Shandong Province is rich in underground water resources with good quality , which are the main water supply of large cities. Because of the fast pace of urbanization, the enlargement of cities and fast development of industries, the requirement of natural environment capacity is enhanced and water is overexploited, which results in different environmental geological problems such as karst collapse, land substance, sedimentation funnel, ground crack, seawater intrusion and water pollution. Based on current exploi-tation, potential water supplement of key cities in Shandong are estimated by exploitation of the potential index and dynamic analysis of long-term mining. It is found that Jixi, Dawu, Xiamatou and Dagujia are most potential ones and Dezhou, Heze and Binzhou are the worst ones.