对我国社会保障争议解决机制的理论反思——基于权利救济的考察

Rethinking of the Resolution of Social Security Dispute in China:A Study Based on Rights Remedy

我国宪法以制度保障的方式宣告了公民的社会保障权,"无救济即无权利",而其中以司法救济最具有决定意义。社会保障争议主体多元、内容复杂,不同于民事争议和行政争议,也有别于劳动争议。西方各国普遍将社会保障争议作为一种独立的争议形式,通过立法建立专门法院或法庭,或授权普通法院通过特殊程序处理社会保障争议。我国还没有专门的社会保障争议解决机制,对社会保障争议按照劳动争议或行政争议的方式处理,存在诸多不足,应借鉴国外经验,根据其特殊性探索处理社会保障争议的理论,完善非诉讼解决机制,设立社会保障法庭,建立专门的社会保障争议解决程序制度,加强权利保护。

The rights to social security are affirmed and protected in the constitution. ＂No remedy , no rights＂, and the judicial remedy is considered the most important. According to the current law, only the rights to social insurance for the labors and the rights to the minimum living guarantee for urban residents can get judicial remedy, that is limited and needs to be improved. Social security dispute is regarded as a kind of independent dispute in western countries, and there are special courts and procedures for its settlement. In China, the social security dispute is settled according to labor dispute or administrative dispute, this is not sufficient for the protection of the rights to social security. We can use the foreign experience for reference to improve the legislation of the social security disputes on the basic of its characteristics.