进口关联R&D溢出中人力资本的角色:实证研究综述

The Role of Human Capital in the Import Related R&D Spillovers:An Empirical Research Review

人力资本在进口关联R&D溢出中扮演着十分重要的角色。国外文献用来检验人力资本这种角色的方法主要有:人力资本与技术进口变量的交互效应分析法,它直接用技术进口变量作为外国R&D溢出的度量,所得的结果是混合的;人力资本与外国R&D存量的交互效应分析法,它对溢出的外国R&D存量规模直接进行计算,所得的结果同样是混合的;吸收能力测定法,它通过对吸收能力进行直接测定来完成人力资本角色的检验,其结果表明教育水平对提高吸收能力具有重要作用;案例研究法,它提供的是一个计算机技术跨国溢出的案例研究,其最稳健的发现是高教育水平是计算机技术溢出的重要决定因素;门槛回归法,它应用特定的非线性内生门槛回归模型对人力资本的角色进行分析,所得的结果表明人力资本在进口关联R&D溢出中可以作为门槛变量而起作用。未来的研究可以从改进相关变量的度量方法、关注R&D溢出对人力资本的逆向影响和完善模型估计技术等方面入手对现有文献进行拓展。

Human capital plays a very important role in the import related R＆D spillovers. In foreign literature, methods employed in analyzing the role of human capital in R＆D spillovers often involve the following ones. Analysis of interaction effects between human capital and technology import variables： it measures the size of foreign R＆D spillovers by directly using technology import variables. Its results are ambiguous. Analysis of interaction effects between human capital and foreign R＆D stock： it directly calculates the size of foreign R＆D stock, Its results are ambiguous likewise. Estimating absorptive capability： it directly estimates the size of the absorptive capability to investigate the role of human capital. Its results indicate that raising the education level in developing countries is very conducive to improving their absorptive capability. Case study： it presents a case about the spread and spillover of computer technology across countries. One of the most robust findings of this method is that high levels of education attainment are important determinants of computer technology spillovers. Threshold regression： it analyzes the threshold effect of human capital on the import related R＆D spillovers by applying a special endogenous nonlinear threshold regression model. Its findings suggest that human capital may function as a so-called threshold variable in the import related R＆D spillovers. In order to spread existing literature, future research can start with such aspects as improving the measure of variables, paying attention to adverse effects that international technology spillovers exert on the human capital, modifying the technology by which the model is estimated, and so on.