师范院校大学生心理健康与自杀意念关系的研究

Relationship between Mental Health and Suicide Ideation among Students in Normal Colleges

目的研究大学生心理健康与自杀意念(Suicide Ideation)的关系。方法选用一般健康问卷(General Health Questionnaire GHQ-20)与修订的自杀意念量表,对师范院校学生进行调查。结果在516份有效问卷中,大学生有自杀意念及较强自杀意念的检出率分别为13.8%和7.6%。男生自杀意念的检出率明显高于女生(χ2=13.544,P<0.001),文科学生明显高于理科学生(χ2=12.072,P<0.001),高年级学生明显高于低年级学生(χ2=8.394,P<0.05)。差异检验表明,与无自杀意念组相比,有自杀意念组学生的心理健康总分、抑郁及焦虑分较高,自我肯定得分较低(P<0.001)。多元回归分析结果显示,抑郁、自我肯定、焦虑能够预测大学生自杀意念26.0%的变异量,其中,抑郁的预测力最佳,其解释量为23.5%。结论大学生自杀意念与心理健康有密切联系,抑郁是预测大学生自杀意念的最好指标。

Objective To research the relationship between mental health and suicide ideation among college students. Methods A total of 550 students from 3 colleges in Jilin Province filled the General Health Questionnaire （GHQ-20） and Suicide Ideation Scale. Results The detectable rates of the students in ＇having suicide ideation＇ and ＇having intense suicide ideation＇ are 13.8% and 7. 6 % among 516 effective questionnaires. The detectable rate of boys is significantly higher than girls＇ （x^2= 13. 544, P 〈0. 001）. The detectable rate of the students of liberal art is significantly higher than the students of faculty of science （X^2= 12. 072, P〈0. 001）. There are significant differences among grades on the detectable rate of suicide ideation （X^2= 8. 394, P 〈0.05）. Variance test showed that there are significant differences on the total score of mental health, self--approval, depression and anxiety between＇ having suicide ideation＇ group students and ＇non suicide ideation＇ group students （ P〈0, 001）. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that depression, self-approval and anxiety dimensions may predict 26. 0% of variation of college students＇ suicide ideations. Among three dimensions, depression has the best predictive power as it explained 23.5% variance respectively. Conclusion There is close relationship between suicide ideation and mental health of students in normal colleges. The depression dimension of GHQ-20 is the best indicator in predicting suicide ideation of college students.