大气能见度研究

Review on the Atmospheric Visibility Research

回顾总结了国内外有关大气能见度的理论研究、仪器观测和数值模拟方面取得的成果;介绍大气能见度研究的基本理论、消光系数的概念及计算方法;总结了几种白天大气能见度探测仪的使用原理及优缺点;介绍测量夜间大气能见度和数字摄像法探测大气能见度的方法;并着重介绍4种计算与雾有关的大气能见度的经验公式,基于2004年4月11日黄海海雾个例的RAMS模式数值模拟结果,采用4种方法分别计算了大气能见度的分布并进行了比较。总结出大气能见度研究中存在的问题和今后研究的主要方向,并针对其中仍然存在的问题提出一些建议。

In this paper, the fundamental researches from both domestic and foreign countries in the aspects of theoretical research, instrumental observation and the numerical simulation of atmospheric visibility were reviewed. The Koschmieder theory as well as the concept and the calculation method of atmospheric extinction coefficient weneintrodluced, and the working principle of several atmospheric visibility meters worked at daytime and their advantages and disadvantages were presented. In addition, the methods of measuring atmospheric visibility at night, and that by using digital photography were described. Furthermore, four empirical formulae used to calculate atmospheric visibility related to fog were examined. By using the RAMS modeling result of a sea fog event that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 11 April, 2004, the atmospheric visibility distributions based upon the above-mentioned four empirical formulae were calculated and compared. Finally, some problems existed in the atmospheric visibility research were summarized.