关于现代汉语词类系统的新思考

New Thinking about Part of Speech System in Modern Chinese

划分现代汉语词类,应以语法功能为根本标准,并注重划分的层级性。首先根据词能否作句法成分,分为实词和虚词。实词根据独立使用的能力以及与其他词组合的能力分为独立词、半独立词和组合词。独立词只有叹词;半独立词只有拟声词;组合词分为体词、谓词、饰词、代词,其中,体词分为名词、数词,谓词分为动词、形容词、状态词,饰词分为区别词、副词,代词分为代体词、代谓词、代饰词。虚词分为介词、连词、助词和量词。

To divide the parts of speech, we should firstly divide it according to the grammatical function, and the level of the word class should be also considered. Firstly, we can divide the word class into two parts notional words and form words, the standard is if the word can be syntactic component or not. Secondly, notional words include three parts such as totally independent words, half independent words and combined words, these parts are divided by the dependence of using and the ability of combination. Totally independent words have only one member, it＇s interjection. Half independent words also have one member, it＇s echoic words. Combined words include nominals, predictions, modificatory words and pronouns. Nominals include nouns and numerals. Predictions include verbs, adjectives and modal words. Modificatory words include attributive words and adverbs. Pronouns include fungible nominals, fungible predictions and fungible modificatory words. Form words can be divided into prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and measure words.