2004～2008年全国学生肺结核报告发病特征分析

Characteristics analysis of national student reported incidence of tuberculosis,2004~2008

目的分析全国学生肺结核报告发病特征,提高对学校结核病防治工作的认识、为制定全国学校结核病防治对策提供依据。方法利用2005~2008年全国传染病网络直报系统肺结核报告发病资料,统计分析学生肺结核报告发病率及其变化趋势;学生肺结核报告发病时空分布。结果2005年,全国学生肺结核报告发病率为5.86/10万,2008年为4.96/10万,下降了15.4%,涂阳肺结核报告发病率分别为1.91/10万和1.31/10万,下降了31.4%;学生肺结核报告发病数和涂阳肺结核报告发病数占全人口肺结核报告发病数和涂阳肺结核报告发病数的比例逐年下降;2005~2006年,学生肺结核报告发病数位于各类职业的第三位,2007~2008年位于第四位;各年度学生肺结核报告发患者数时空分布,4月份最高,其次为5月份和3月份,12月份最低;学生各年龄组发病数构成比,15岁~组最高,平均为54.4%,其次为20岁~组为25.9%;各省学生肺结核报告发患者数和报告发病率悬殊。结论全国学生肺结核病例报告发病率呈缓慢下降趋势,各年龄组发病数中,15岁~组最多,全年4月份报告发病数明显增多。应加强对学校结核病防治工作的认识,加强对高中和大学入学新生的结核病检查,早期发现学校结核病患者并早期开展学校肺结核患者密切接触者调查,防止结核病在学校的蔓延。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the national student reported incidence of tuberculosis in order to provide the basis for developing national tuberculosis prevention and control measures.Methods The reported incidence of tuberculosis information from the National Communicable Disease Network direct reporting system during 2005-2008 was adopted and statistical analysis was made on number of student reported incidence of tuberculosis cases and trends,spatial and temporal distribution of reported incidence of tuberculosis cases.Results The national student reported incidence rate of tuberculosis was 5.86/100,000 in 2005,4.96/100,000 in 2008,a decrease of 15.4%.Reported incidence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were 1.91/100,000 and 1.31/100,000 respectively,a decrease of 31.4 %.The proportion of the number of student tuberculosis reported incidence cases in the number of whole population tuberculosis reported incidence cases declined year by year,as well as the proportion of student smear positive tuberculosis reported incidence cases in the number of whole population smear positive tuberculosis reported incidence cases.During 2005-2006,student as a kind of occupation ranked the third in terms of number of tuberculosis reported incidence cases in all kinds of occupations.And during 2007-2008,student ranked the fourth.In terms of spatial and temporal distribution of number of student reported incidence cases,the highest was in April followed by May and March;the lowest was in December.As for student proportion as a occupation in each age group,the highest is 15～ age group with an average of 54.4%,followed by 20～ age group of 25.9%.There was a great discrepancy between each province in number of reported tuberculosis cases and their rates.Conclusion The national student reported incidence of tuberculosis showed a slow downward trend.There is a peak in April each year in high school and college age group.Therefore,we should strengthen high school and college freshmen tuberculosis medical examinations.Close contact investigations should be conducted early for school in order to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in school.