天津市成年居民超重与肥胖的流行病学调查

An epidemiological investigation on overweight and obesity in adults from Tianjin city

目的了解天津市成年人超重和肥胖的流行特点及相关因素。方法于2006年采用四阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，抽取3个城区、3个郊县19271名18岁及以上成年人进行现况调查。经培训考试合格的调查员入户面对面问卷调查和体格测量，获得基本资料和身高、体重测量值，计算BMI。描述该人群超重和肥胖的年龄、性别、地区分布，并进行超重、肥胖相关因素的分析。结果天津市成年人超重率、肥胖率分别为32．8％（95％CI：32．1％-33．5％）、11．7％（95％CI：11．2％～12．2％），标化率分别为33．1％、12．2％，均高于全国平均水平；超重率、肥胖率均随年龄增加而增加，超重率在50～59岁达高峰，肥胖率在60～69岁达高峰。女性肥胖率高于男性；农村肥胖率高于城市；经单因素logistic回归和多因素多项logistic回归分析，年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、每周中等程度锻炼是超重和肥胖的共同影响因素。结论超重和肥胖已成为天津市的一个公共卫生问题，应尽快采取控制措施。

Objective This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of overweight and obesity in Tianjin adults. Methods With multi-stage randomized cluster sampling, 19 271 people aged 18 years and over were selected from both urban and rural areas of six geographical regions of Tianjin in 2006, using a cross-sectional methodology. Data from these residents was collected, using a questionnaire by face-to-face interview conducted by trained interviewers. Demographic, anthropometric data were collected in all participants. Data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. For diagnosis of overweight and obesity, we adopted the standard of overweight and obesity recommended for Chinese adults. Age, gender and area distribution of overweight and obesity in the population of Tianjin were described, and the related factors were analyzed. Results Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults from Tianjin were 32.8% （95% CI： 32.1%-33.5% ） and 11.7% （95% CI： 11.2%-12.2% ）, with the standardized rates as 33.1% and 12.2%, respectively. Those figures were higher than the national average levels. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were increasing with age. The overweight rate in 50-59 year olds and the obesity rate in 60-69 year olds reached their peak values. The prevalence rate of obesity was higher in rural （13.5%,with 95%CI： 12.8%-14.2%） than in the urban areas （11.1%,with 95%CI： 10.4%-11.7%） and in females （12.6%, 95%CI： 11.9%-13.2%） than in males （10.9%, 95%CI： 10.3%-11.5% ）. Results from logistic regression model analyses indicated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Tianjin were statistically associated with age, gender, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption and exercises. Conclusion As the urbanization progressing, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was much higher in the population of Tianjin city. Many factors were related to adults overweight and obesity. An active community-based public health intervention should be taken.