大豆根系形态及苗期耐旱根系性状的研究

Root morphology and root traits related to drought tolerance at vegetation stage in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.)

选取黄淮海地区大田大豆样本40份,在苗期和鼓粒期挖根观察根形态,同时在苗期采用盆栽对其耐旱性进行鉴定并测定了品种间根系形态和生理指标。结果表明,大豆品种根系表观形态在生长的不同时期以及在同一时期不同环境条件下不完全一致。大豆根系的主根长、根总长、根体积、根干重等形态指标和根系活力、根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积在品种之间、不同水分处理下均存在广泛的遗传变异,且干旱反应两极端类型品种根系各性状对干旱胁迫的反应具有显著差异,表明通过对根系性状的选择可以获得改良大豆地上部性状的根系指标,从而为大豆育种提供新的途径和方法。

40 samples of soybean （ Glycine max （L.） Merr. ） in field were took out to observe their root morphology at vegetative and pod stage respectively. Meanwhile, the drought tolerance of these varieties were tested at vegetative stage by cultivated in pots and their root morphological and physiological traits were researched. The results show that soybean root morphology varies in the two stages or in the same stage but in different conditions. There were evident and extensive genetic variations in the root morphological parameters among varieties with different water applying, including total root length, root volume, root dry weight, root reductive activity, root total absorbing area and root active absorbing area. There was also significant difference response in root traits among varieties with strong drought tolerance and weak drought tolerance. Therefore the research provides a new way for soybean breeding improvement by selecting root traits.