湖北省洪湖市生态足迹与水足迹动态分析

Dynamic analysis on Ecological Footprint and Water Footprint of Honghu City,Hubei Province,China

为了分析洪湖市的可持续发展情况,本文运用生态足迹法计算了洪湖市2000-2007年的生态足迹和生态承载力,同时基于生态足迹理论,运用水足迹模型,计算了洪湖市的水足迹。结果表明,洪湖市的人均生态足迹呈整体上升趋势,由1.450 8 hm2攀升到2.022 3 hm2,8年间增长近40%,其中能源用地和耕地生态足迹的贡献率最大;人均生态承载力变化不大,稍有下降趋势。2000-2007年洪湖市均表现为生态赤字,且随着生态足迹的不断增大,生态赤字逐渐加大,2007年人均生态赤字达1.373 1 hm2,表明生产、生活强度已超过生态系统的承载能力,区域生态系统处于人类的过度开发利用和压力之下,洪湖市处于不可持续发展状态。8年间洪湖市水足迹变化不大,2007年为1 399 m3/a,高于全国平均水平,在国内属于水资源丰富型城市。

Based on the ecological footprint method and theory, ecological footprint （EF） per capita and ecological capacity （EC） per capita of Honghu City, Hubei Province from 2000 to 2007 are calculated to evaluate the ecological sustainable development of the city. In the meantime, the water footprint of the city is analyzed by using water footprint approach. The results show that EF per capita of Honghu City exhibited an ascending trend from 2000 to 2007, from 1. 4508 hm^2 in 20130 to 2. 0223 hm^2 in 21307, increasing nearly forty percent. Among the structural components, the ecological footprints of energy and farm gave the greatest contributions to the per capita ecological footprint of Honghu City. The change in EC during 2000 and 2007 was not significant and showed a little descending trend. Honghu City was always in ecological deficit （ED） during the eight years, ED increased gradually with the continuous increase of the per capita EF and the ED in 2007 was 1. 3731 hm^2 per capita, which resulted in the unsustainable development. The results indicate that the human load that has already stayed beyond the regional ecological capacity and the regional natural ecosystem is under great pressure of human activities. The water footprint didn＇t change much during this time and that in 2007 was 1399m^3 per capita, which was higher than the mean level of China. It means that Honghu City belongs to the domestic rich-water city.