集体林权改革评价:林产品生产绩效视角

Evaluation on the Forest's Productivity in Collective Forest Reform:A Study of Fujian Collective Forest Reform

新一轮的集体林权改革已经开展了6年,对这一轮改革及时进行评价,不但对于认识改革的效果有积极的作用,而且对于有效地推进改革也是必不可少的。本文通过分成地租模型预测,集体林权改革对林产品生产效率会产生正向的影响,这些正向的影响主要包括林户劳动积极性的提高和林产品产量的增加,同时也可能会对林产品全要素生产率产生积极影响。利用此次林权改革的主要省份之一——福建2县11乡(镇)29村320林户调查数据,本文的研究结论证实了前者,林户劳动投入由改革前146.53工日增加到改革后的180.76工日,增长了23%;竹产品的产量也由改革前的1 312.33 kg增长到改革后的1 815.09 kg,增加了38%。另外,基于肯德里克方法,本文计算了集体林权改革前后林产品全要素生产率,对比二者发现,改革对林产品全要素生产率并没有产生正向的影响,相反而是负向的影响。据此本文提出,下一步的林业改革在做好相关配套改革的基础上,还要注重提高林产品全要素生产率。

New wave of collective forest reform has been going on for six years. It is very useful for understanding its performance and necessary for promoting its development effectively to evaluate this reform. This article forecasts that there will be a positive effect of collective forest reform on the forest productivity according to the cropping share model. These effects include an incentive for forest household to work harder and may include the increasing forestry total factor productivity （TFP）. Based on the data about Fujian which is the major province referred to by this wave of collective forest reform because of its rich forestry resources, which collected by team lead by Professor Kong Xiangzhi, including 320 households in 29 villages of 11 towns of 2 counties, we do some simple empirical analyses to examine those hypotheses. The result of analysis proves the forestry labor input increased by 23%, from 146.53 man-days before the reform to 180.76 mandays after the reform, while bamboo output increased by 38%, from 1312.33kg before the reform to 1815.09kg. In addition, we compute the forestry TFP before and after this wave of reform using the data. By comparing with them, our result shows that the reform has not increased the forestry TFP by now. Based on those results, we argue that the next step of collective forest reform is to improve the forestry TFP as well as finish the supporting reform.