中国区域创新效率及其影响因素

Stochastic Frontier Analysis on the Regional Innovation Efficiency of China

效率问题是中国科技创新过程中需重点关注的一个问题。本文以1998-2005年中国30个省份的研发面板数据为基础,以专利为创新的产出指标,R&D经费支出和R&D人员投入为创新的投入指标,应用随机前沿模型对各地区创新过程中的效率情况进行了实证测评,并就影响创新效率的环境因素进行了进一步探讨。主要的研究发现有:R&D经费支出和R&D人员投入对创新产出均有显著的正向影响,且R&D人员投入比R&D经费支出具有更高的产出弹性;劳动者素质对区域创新效率的提高有显著的正影响,而产业结构有显著的负影响,这可能与专利并不能全面反映高技术产业创新绩效有关;各地区的创新效率呈明显上升的趋势,且与地方经济发展结合越来越紧密;区域创新效率有收敛的趋势,后进地区的追赶效应明显。本文结论为国家及地方创新工程建设提供政策参考。

The efficiency should be given a key attention in China＇s scientific innovation process. Based on the R＆D panel data of Chinese 30 provinces during 1998- 2005, making the patent as the innovation output index, and making the R＆D funds expenditure and R＆D personnel as the innovation input index, using the stochastic frontier production function, this article takes an empirical analysis on the regional innovation efficiency of China. The main conclusion includes： there is a positive correlation between the patent output and the R＆D funds expenditure, so as the R＆D personnel invest, and the R＆D personnel invest has a higher output elasticity compared to the R＆D funds expenditure; there is a distinct positive correlation between the educational level of workers and the region innovation efficiency, while there is a distinct negative correlation between the industrial structure and the region innovation efficiency; the innovation efficiency of various areas present a steady-up trend, and it gets closer and closer to the development of provincial economy; the regional innovation efficiency has a converging tendency, and the pursueing effect of the less advanced area is obvious.