论崛起时期英国经济地理格局的演变

Changes of Geographical Structure of England's Economy in the Period of Its Rising

在英国崛起的历史进程中,其经济地理格局经历了阶段性演变。第一阶段从11世纪至16世纪初,经济总体落后,且发展不均,经济水平呈现东南高、西北低的明显梯度。第二阶段为16世纪初至18世纪,以伦敦为核心的国内市场和民族经济体系形成,经济发展进入欧洲先进行列,但经济地理格局是偏倚的。第三阶段从18世纪初至19世纪中叶,西北工业区率先崛起,英格兰经济形成东南和西北发达的两极,中部则"坍塌"了,这一格局一直延续至今天。乡村工业兴起,是英国经济地理格局演变的内在动力。

During the period of rising, the geographical structure of England＇s economy changed continuously, and experienced three phases. In the first phase before the year 1500, England＇s econo- my as a whole was low-level and decentralized. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries maybe regard as the second phase, when the national market and economic system was formed, in which London was the center, but it had drawn too much resources from all the ground of the country, so the structure is a lopsided one. Since 1700, the development of England＇s economy stepped up the third phase, there were two developed areas emerged. They are two poles of economic ＂highland＂. One pole is the southeast area of England, and the other pole is the northwest industrial area. The broad ground between the two poles were ＂caving in＂. The rise of rural industry is the inner drive-power of the changes of geographical structure of economy.