车用燃料电池技术的现状与研究热点

Current Status and Perspective of Vehicular Fuel Cell Technologies

燃料电池汽车作为清洁能源汽车近十几年来得到很大的发展。然而燃料电池的寿命、成本仍然是制约其商业化的瓶颈,其中材料是根本问题。本文对组成燃料电池的三种关键材料即电催化剂、质子交换膜、双极板的发展现状进行了综述,并对研究热点进行了剖析。针对燃料电池在车载工况下的问题,如电催化剂衰减、膜降解、双极板腐蚀等,基于已有试验结果和理论分析指出了可能的解决方案、对策与发展方向。

As a kind of clean energy vehicles, fuel cell automobiles have been developed in the past decade. Although tremendous progress has been made, the durability and the cost of the fuel cells are the bottlenecks of the fuel cell vehicles＇ commercialization. Materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFCs） are the key issues. The overview of the key materials of PEMFCs, i.e., electrocatalyst, proton exchange membrane and bipolar plate, is given. The hot research topics are analyzed. The key issues of PEMFCs for automobile operation are electrocatalyst degradation, membrane degradation and bipolar plate corrosion, etc. Possible solutions and perspectives of PEMFCs are summarized.