“坦白从宽”政策的心理学探讨

A Psychological Discussion about "Leniency to Confessors"

坦白从宽政策的实质,是鼓励犯罪嫌疑人主动交代自己的犯罪事实,从而在量刑上给予较轻的惩罚的一项承诺。接受刑罚的惩罚是犯罪人的既有选择和一种社会认知,趋利避害是犯罪嫌疑人的本能。实证调查证明,犯罪嫌疑人在讯问中的优势需要是期待获得从宽处理,因此,坦白从宽的内在属性符合犯罪嫌疑人内在需求与认知。"坦白从宽"政策在现实中的困境是没有被法制化,如果坦白从宽政策法制化,即会产生一些良好的社会心理效应。

＂Leniency to Confessors＂ is to encourage the suspect to confess crime for mitigated punishment. While receiving punishment in accordance with criminal law is a social recognition, avoiding disadvantage is suspect＇s instinct. It is proved that suspect highly expect to gain leniency. Therefore, the essence of ＂Leniency to Confessors＂ meets the suspect＇s need. ＂ Leniency to Confessors＂ , however, has not been legalized yet. Once it is legalized, social psychological effects will be far favourable.