1David JF, ian M, Sarah B, et al. Molecular epidemiology of multiresistant Steptococcus pneumaniae with both erm (B)and mef(A) mediated mucrolide resistance. J Clin Microbiol, 2004, 42 (2): 764-768.
2Nichol KA, Zhanel GG, Hoban DJ. Penicillin - binding protein 1 A, 2B, and 2Xalterations in Canadian isolates of penicillin -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae [ J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2002,46:3261 - 3264.
3du Plessis M, Smith AM, Klugman KP.Rapid detection of penicillin - resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid by a seminested - PCR strategy[J]. J Clin Microbiol,1998,36:453 -457.
4Roberts MC, Sutdiffe J, Courvalin P, et al. Nomenclature for macrolide and macrolide - lincosamide - streptogramin B resistance determinants [ J ]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1999, 43 : 2823 -2830.
5Hoban DJ, Wierzbowski AK, Nichol K,et al. Macrolide - resistant streptococ-cus pneumoniae in Canada during 1998- 1999 : Prevalence of mef ( A ) and erm (B) and susceptibilieies to ketolides [ J ]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2001,45 :2147 -2150.
6Aminov RI,Garrigues-Jeanjean N, Mackie RI. Moleculmr ecology of tetracycline resistance: development and validation of primers for of dection of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal proction proteins[ J ]. Appl Environ Microbial,2001,67:22 -32.
7Pestova E, Beyer R, Cianciotto NP, et al. Contribution of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase mutations in streptococcus pneumoniae to resistance to novel fluoroquinolones[ J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1999, 43:2000 -2004.
8Free L. Sahm D. Detection of enterecoccal vancomycin resistance by multiplex PCR. In : Persing DH. PCR protocols for emerging infectious diseases [ M ].Washington: D. C. ASM PRESS, 1996.150 -155.
10Song JH,Lee NY,Ichiyama S,et al.Spread of drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries:Asian network for surveillance of resistant pathogens (ANSORP) study.Clin Infect Dis,1999,28:1206-1211.
2Sessegolo JF,Levin RS,Levy CE,et al.Distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in Brazil from 1998 to 1992[J].J Clin Microbiol,1994,32:906-911.