美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导的科学探究

Scientific Inquiry Advocated by the National Science Education Standards of America

美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导的科学探究既是学习内容,也是学习方式,更是教学指导思想。教育中的科学探究具有五个基本特征:①问题,②证据,③解释,④评价,⑤表达。《标准》概括了幼儿园到4年级、5到8年级、9到12年级学生应达到的科学探究能力标准和对科学探究的理解标准。探究式教学需要定期而高质量的评价、需要教师的专业进修和足够的教学资源,还需要着力避免走进科学探究的误区。

Scientific inquiry advocated by the National Science Education Standards of America is not only learning content, but also learning style, and guiding ideology of teaching even more. Scientific inquiry in education has five basic characteristics, which are question, evidence, explanation, evaluation and communication. Standard summarizes the abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry and understandings about scientific inquiry that the kindergarten to grade 4, grade 5-8, and grade 9-12 students should meet. Inquiry teachings need regularly high-quality evaluation, professional development of teachers and adequate teaching resources. Science teachers must avoid scientific inquiry errors.