2008年住院患者医院感染的分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures of Nosocomial Infection of Inpatients in 2008

目的了解住院患者医院感染的相关因素,为有效制定预防与控制医院感染的措施提供依据。方法利用回顾性调查的方法,对医院2008年1-12月10 059例住院患者进行医院感染的监测。结果2008年发生的医院感染437例,科室感染以血液内科为主,感染率为24.9%,其次为肿瘤科,感染率15.1%;感染部位以呼吸道为主,占59.3%,其次为泌尿道感染,占14.2%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占40.3%,其次为真菌感染,占25.4%;易感因素以抗菌药物使用为主,占40.7%,其次肿瘤基础疾病占16.2%。结论医院感染的监控应从多发感染科室、感染部位、病原菌的生长特点、易感因素等多方面进行制定对策,才能有效降低医院感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE To understand the relevant factors of nosocomial infection of inpatients in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to prevent and control the infection effectively. METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 10059 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2008. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 4. 3 % （437/10059） . The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows..24. 9% in the Blood Department, 15. 1% in the Tumor Department; The infection site were respiratory tract （59. 3%）, urinary tract （14. 3%）; The main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria （40.7%）, fungus infection （25. 4%）; The risk factors mainly were usage of antibiotic drugs （40. 7%）, and underlying diseases of tumor （16. 2%）. CONCLUSIONS The effective measures for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection should be taken. More attention should be paid on the risk factors.