重症监护病房医院感染特点及病原菌耐药分析

Characteristics of Hospital Infection and Bacterial Resistance in Intensive Care Unit

目的了解重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染特点、危险因素及病原菌耐药情况,为有效制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用前瞻性和回顾性调查相结合的方法,对2008年1-12月入住ICU的1115例患者资料进行统计调查分析。结果ICU医院感染率为12.10%,例次感染率为12.47%,感染好发部位主要为下呼吸道感染,占56.12%;病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主占57.30%,其次为革兰阳性菌,占25.84%,真菌占16.85%,且病原菌对多种抗菌药物存在不同程度耐药。结论ICU医院感染率明显高于其他科室;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其药敏试验呈现多药耐药,临床应引起足够重视,加强病原菌耐药监测,合理使用抗菌药物。

OBJECTIVE To study characteristics of hospital infection, risk factors and bacterial resistance in our Intensive Care Unit （ICU） to draw up effective interfering measure and supply the scientific basis. METHODS The data of 1115 inpatients in our ICU in 2008 were analysed prospectively and retrospectively. RESULTS The hospital Infection rate was 12.10%, the case-time infection rate 12.47 %, the lower respiratory tract infection rate 56.12 %, the G^- infection rate 57.30% ,the G^＋ infection rate 25.84% ,and the fungus infection rate was 16.85%, These pathogens were resistant to antibiotics in various degree. CONCLUSIONS The ICU infection rate is obvious higher than that in all clinical departments. The resistance to most of the antibiotics are increasing which need enhancing bacterial supervi.