精神分裂症伴糖尿病住院患者社会支持的相关因素分析

Analysis on social support and related factors of hospitalized schizophrenic patients with diabetes

目的了解住院精神分裂症伴发糖尿病患者社会支持现状，探讨其相关的影响因素。方法应用社会支持量表（SSRS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）对206例精神分裂症伴发糖尿病患者进行调查。结果精神分裂症伴发糖尿病患者社会支持总分与年龄、职业、医疗费用、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、并发症、焦虑、抑郁呈负相关（r=-0．11～-0．26，P〈0．01），与文化程度、经济收入呈正相关（r=0．28—0．33，P〈0．01）；精神分裂症患者伴发焦虑、抑郁的比例分别为11．2％、30．1％；41—50岁、脑力劳动者、文化程度高中及以上、有医疗保险、月收入〉~500元的患者社会支持得分显著高于同组其他人群。结论护理人员应根据患者的特点，指导和帮助患者学会利用社会支持系统的方法，以获得亲人与朋友的支持，减轻自身的心理压力。

Objective To understand the social support of hospitalized schizophrenic patients with diabetes, and to explore its associated factors. Methods 206 hospitalized schizophrenic patients with diabetes were assessed with Social Support Scale （SSRS）, self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, and self-rating depression scale （SDS）. Results The social support scores of schizophrenic patients with diabetes associated with age, occupation, medical expenses, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood sugar, complications, anxiety and depression were negatively correlated（ r = -0. 11 = -0. 26, P 〈0. 01 ）. And it was positively correlated with the eduction level and economic income （ r = O. 28 -0. 33, P 〈 O. 01 ）. The occurrence rate of anxiety and depression among schizophrenic patients were 11.2% and 30. 1%, respectively. The scores of social support of patients in the age of 41 to 50 years old, patients laboring by brain power, patients having eduction background of high middle school or above, patients having medicare insurance, and pateints having a monthly-income of more than 500 yuan, were significantly higher than other populations in the same group. Conclusions Nurses should base on characteristics of patients, guide and help the patients to master the method of using the social support system, and thereby the patients can get support from their relatives and friends and decrease their strees.