布劳—邓肯模型之后:改造抑或挑战

After Blau-Duncan Status Attainment Model:Transmutations or challenges

围绕布劳—邓肯的地位获得模型,社会分层、社会流动的研究领域著述迭出。本文在对该模型作简单铺陈后,重点关注模型之后的改造抑或由它引发的挑战,它包括性别、种族、同期群、政治忠诚、单位地位和网络关系六种视角的研究补充。然后,文章在还原模型本身意涵的基础上,在个人、关系、组织和社会的不同研究层面上,分析了六种视角的不同研究位置。基本的研究提出是:后续的对模型的改造,虽然有其客观可信的地位获得因素的因果解释力,但某些视角超越或脱离了通过先赋性和后致性的个体流动机制考察建立起来的布劳—邓肯模型的原初意义。

There are numerous studies that focus on the significance of the Blau-Duncan Status Attainment Model for the study of social stratification and mobility. This article first introduces the background for this study; then explores the transmutations of the model since its appearance and the challenges it meets from six different yet complementary angles — sex,ethnicity,cohort comparison analysis,political loyalty,work unit status,and social network. It defines the original meaning of the Blau-Duncan model,giving a detailed analysis of the positions of the six perspectives at the individual,relation,organization,and society levels. It concludes that these complementary researches on the Blau-Duncan Model explain the status attainment objectively and convincingly,but some of them depart from the original meaning of the model,which is based on the ascribed and achieved factors in individual mobility process.