4WALKER NI, BENNETT RE, AXELSEN RA. Melanosis coli: A consequence of anthraquinone-induced apoPtosis of colonic epithelial cells[J]. Am J Pathol, 1988, 131(3): 465-476.
5SONNENBERG A, MULLER AD. Constipation and cathartics as risk factors of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis[J]. Pharmacol,1993, 47 (suppl 1): 224-233.
6BENAVIDES SH, MORGANTE PE, MONSERRAT AJ, et al.The pigment of melanosis coli: A lectin histochemical study [J].Gastrointest Endosc, 1997, 46 (2): 131-138.
7MARSHALL JB, SINGH R, DIAZ-ARIAS AA. Chronic unexplained diarrhea: Are biopsies necessary if colonoscopy is normal [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1995, 90(3): 372-376.
8NUSKO G, SCHNEIDER B, ERNST H, et al. Melanosis coli-a harmless pigmentation or a precacerous condition[J]. Z-Gattroenterol, 1997, 35(5): 313-318.
9MORGENSTERN L, SHEMEN L, ALLEN W, et al. Melanosis Coli: Changs in appearance when associated with colonic neoplasia[J]. Arch Surg, 1983(1), 118: 62-64.
10MENGS U, RUDOLPH RL. Light and electron microscopic changes in the colon of the guinea pig after treatment with anthranoid and non-anthranoid laxatives[J]. Pharmacol, 1993, 47(Suppl 1): 172-177.