全球大地构造相刍议

Global tectonic facies: a preclusive opinion

研究中国的造山带需要一个对照模型。阿尔卑斯是研究相当成熟的造山带,选择它作为研究中国造山带的对照系是可行的。许靖华先生提出了把阿尔卑斯模式化、功能化为三大块的办法,绞尽脑汁想出了3个古民族的名称,用这3个名称把这三大块叫作3个相。这就是后来的雷特相、凯尔特相和阿勒曼相,其功能分别是上冲体、下插体和逃逸体。说穿了,分析大地构造相为的就是找一个把中国造山带和阿尔卑斯相对比的方法,纯粹是方法学,没有什么深奥的理论。在研究中国造山带的过程中,发现了一些阿尔卑斯不具有的大地构造相,造山带分析中又不可或缺,于是笔者补充成为6个相类、15个相的分类方案。在此基础上建立了大地构造相模式剖面和平面模式图。全球大地构造相分析不同于碰撞造山带,需要全面地表达全球大地构造环境。我们使用了3级分类要素:第一级是动力学要素,第二级是大地构造环境,第三级是构造与岩石组合。根据这些要素,划分了4类大地构造环境、11类亚环境和31个大地构造相。

At the beginning, the analysis of tectonic facies of collision orogenic belts is a method to divide Alps orogenic belt into a nu mber of tectonic units and to compare them with those in China. It is a pure problem of methodology without any obscure theory. Based on the research of Chinese orogenic system, the author added some new contents which are not included in Alps orogenic belt, and 6 facies and 15 sub-facies are proposed. Geo-tectonic facies section and plain map are obtained on this basis. The analysis of global tectonic facies is more than just collision belt, which should include the geodynamic settings and processes. Therefore, the key elements in the classification of globle tectonic facies are dynamics, geodynamic settings and structured lithology assemblage. 4 types of geo-tectonic environment, 11 sub-environment and 31 geo-tectonic facies are proposed in this paper.