粪便DNA检测筛查大肠癌的进展

Progress of Colorectal Cancer Screening by Stool DNA Detection

大肠癌的发生发展是一个多基因作用的多阶段过程,主要涉及的基因包括APC、K-Ras、p53、DCC、BAT26等。粪便DNA检测筛查大肠癌是20世纪90年代出现的一种新方法,具有非侵入性、患者依从性好、敏感性和特异性高等优点。经过十几年的发展,粪便DNA检测已由早期的单基因检测发展到多基因联合检测,检出率也有较大的提高。随着分子生物学技术的日臻完善,粪便DNA检测显现出巨大潜力,为大肠癌的筛查开拓了更广阔的空间。

The occurrence and development of colorectal cancer is a multi-stage process referring multigene effect such as APC ,K-Ras,p53 ,DCC ,BAT26. Screening colorectal cancer by stool DNA detection is a newly method emerged in 1990s, which possesses many merits, such as non-virulence, good compliance of patient, high sensitivity and high specificity and so on. Through more than one decade＇s development, stool DNA detection has developed from pristine single gene detection to polygenes combined detection, and the detection rate also has major elevate. Along with molecular biology technique becoming more and more flawless, stool DNA detection method has showed tremendous potentiality ,which provides more broader space for colorectal cancer screening.