海南橡胶籽主要成分及氰化物变迁分析

Major Components and Change of Cyanide in Hainan Rubber Seeds

为了更好地对橡胶籽加以利用,对其组分进行分析,供试样品单个种籽重为3.1～6.3g。结果其未脱脂仁中水分28.9%、粗蛋白21.5%、粗脂肪50.2%、淀粉6.2%。脱脂仁中粗蛋白42.01%、粗脂肪9.98%、碳水化合物36.67%。新鲜种仁样品含氢氰酸毒素含量为162.5mg/100g干重,经贮存、浸泡和蒸煮,发酵处理绝大多数氰化物消失。

Rubber seeds are a by-product of rubber plantation industry. In Hainan province, approximately 200,000 tons of rubber seeds fall down every year, which results in a serious waste of resources. However, nuts of fresh seeds contain an antinutritional factor, bean saponins （C10H17O6N）, which can produce a cyanide galactopyranoside. In order to take advantage of rubber seeds, major compositions of rubber seeds were analyzed. The weight of individual seed sample was 3.1-6.3 g. Totally 28.9% of water, 21.5% of crude proteins, 50.2% of crude fat and 6.2% of starch were determined in nuts without fat removal. In contrast, 42.01% of crude proteins, 9.98% of crude fat and 36.67% of carbohydrates were detected in nuts with fat removal. In addition, HCN content in fresh nuts was approximately 162.5 mg/100 g dry weight. The vast majority of cyanide can result in reduction or disappear due to storage or treatment with soaking, cooking or fermentation. All of these investigations will provide the scientific and theoretical references for comprehensive development and utilization of rubber seeds.