中国制造业的国际竞争力——基于网络型产业组织的分析

International Competitiveness of China's Manufacturing Industry——Analysis Based on Network-based Industrial Organization

最近十多年来,外商直接投资(FDI)极大地促进了中国制造业的发展,制造业的快速扩张对行业国际竞争力的影响受到了越来越多的关注。本文运用网络型产业组织理论和实证方法,研究了中国大陆28个制造业行业国际竞争力及其决定因素。在2001—2007年间,网络型产业组织能够通过外资企业技术外溢效应和产业集聚提升中国大陆制造业行业国际竞争力。外商直接投资具有明显的外溢效应,产业集聚对国际竞争力也存在积极影响,但是人民币汇率、企业平均规模、经济开放度和研发支出未能增强国际竞争力,劳动力成本的上升没有削弱制造业行业国际竞争力。

With large FDI inflows to China, China＇s manufacturing has achieved a rapid progress in the recent years, so more and more attention has been paid to the impact of manufacturing industries＇ expansion on their international competitiveness. In this paper, we have studied the competitiveness and the determinants of 28 manufacturing industries in China's Mainland with network-based industrial organization theory and empirical methods. From 2001 to 2007, the network-based industrial organization has increased the international competitiveness of the China's Mainland＇s manufacturing industries through the foreign invested enterprises＇ technology spillovers and the industrial clustering. Foreign invested enterprises have a significant spillover effect for the competitiveness, and the industrial clustering has a positive impact on the competitiveness too. But RMB exchange rate, the average enterprise scale, openness and R＆D have no significant impact. The increase of the labor cost has no negative effect on the competitiveness of the manufacturing industries.