我国出口企业的“生产率悖论”及其解释

Chinese Export Firms' ‘Productivity Paradox’ and its Explanations

本文用1998-2007年的中国工业企业数据,选取近300万家企业,分20个行业检验了我国企业出口与生产率的关系,结果显示:只供应国内市场的企业生产率反而高于出口企业;并且企业出口与生产率呈现负相关关系,即生产率越低的企业出口越多。此结论与新-新贸易理论的结论相悖,我们称之为"生产率悖论"。进一步检验还发现,企业规模是影响出口的主要因素,而出口贸易对于企业生产率的影响是不显著的。笔者认为,导致我国出口企业出现"生产率悖论"的原因可能在于我国加工贸易较多,且占据了出口贸易的主体。

This paper uses Chinese industry firm data from 1998 to 2007,selects nearly 3 billion firms,divides them into 20 industries and tests the relationship between export and productivity.The results reveal that firms that only supply domestic market have a higher productivity than firms who choose export.In the meanwhile,the export firms' regression results show that there exists negative relationship between export and firm productivity.These results are opposite with new-new trade theory,we call them 'productivity paradox'.The paper also gets the conclusion that firm scale is a main factor of affecting exports,and the export has an illegality influence to firms' productivity that is fit for the theory.The paper thinks that the reason to 'productivity paradox' perhaps is for our country's process trade takes up the majority of our exports.