外源基因在转基因动物乳腺中的特异性表达研究

Study on Mammary Gland Specific Expression of Transgenes in Transgenic Animals

动物基因工程研究最大的突破就是转基因动物研究的进展．自八十年代初第一批转基因小鼠问世以来，转基因动物的研究已从方法学研究步入了应用性研究阶段．转基因动物除作为研究工具广泛地应用于发育生物学、免疫学、遗传学以及医学等生命科学领域外，外源基因在转基因动物的特异性表达，尤其是在乳腺的表达，又可将转基因动物用作生物反应器进行生物活性蛋白的生产而应用于商业生产．在转基因动物乳腺的特异性表达研究中，寻找乳蛋白基因调控构件是非常必要的，特别是获得高效而稳定表达的基因调控构件更为重要．迄今为止，已获得了多种乳蛋白基因调控构件．在这些构件的指导下从转基因动物乳汁中生产了不同的人体非乳蛋白，且都具有生物活性．

A major breakthrough in animal genetic engineering is production and progress for transgenic animals.Since birth of first transgenic mouse,transgenic animal researches have been stepped into business projects. Tissue specific expression of foreign genes in transgenic animals,especially in mammary gland,make it possible to produce large quantities of some of the human proteins that are needed for the treatment of disease for the pharmaceutical industry.It is essential for exploration of efficient sequences of the promoter regions of milk protein genes.Selection and cloning of some milk protein genes and identification of the sequences that govern tissue specific hormonally induced expression in the mammary gland had been finished. The results suggest that the foreign proteins expressed in mammary gland were biologically active. Some specific regions also have been identified that probably are involved in the expression of the milk protein genes. Using the regulatory sequences of milk protein genes,many different pharmaceutically interesting proteins have been produced in the mammary gland of transgenic animals.This review will be focus on structure of regulatory sequences of some milk protein genes,and influence of some elements of directing mammary gland expression.