我国历届奥运金牌获得项目的项群特征

On the Event-group Features of the Events That Have Gained Olympic Gold Medals for China

采用文献资料法、数理统计和逻辑分析法,对历届奥运会我国运动员获得金牌的项目进行统计分析。结果表明:我国运动员在奥运会夺金项目上存在着明显的项群特征。按参赛人数分类,单人竞技项群是我国运动员夺金的主要项群,双人合作项群是我国运动员夺金的次要项群,多人集体项群是我国运动员夺金的弱势项群;按主导竞技能力和成绩评定分类,技能主导类项群是我国奥运夺金的主体性项群,体能主导类则是辅助性项群,其中技能主导类表现难美性项群、技战能主导类隔网对抗性项群以及体能主导类快速力量性项群是我国奥运夺金的核心项群;按竞技性质和比赛战术分类,间接竞技类项群是我国奥运夺金的主要项群。

By means of literature review,mathematical statistics and logical analysis,the author has made statistical analysis on the sport events that have gained Olympic gold medals in every Olympic Games by Chinese athletes.The result shows that there exist obvious features of event-group in the sport events that have gained Olympic gold medals by China.According to the category of the number of participants,single competitive event is usually the main event-group for Chinese athletes to win the gold medals.The second event-group for Chinese athletes to win gold medals is the double-cooperative e- vent group while the weakest event-group for Chinese athletes is the multi-collective e- vent group. If it is classified by the competitive ability of athletes and sport performance, the chief event-group of winning gold medals for China is the skill-dominated event group and the subsidiary event-group for winning gold medals is the physique-dominated event group. In this category, the skill-dominated event group is demonstrated by features of difficulty and beauty,tactic and strategic dominated event-group is expressed by features of separated net confrontation event-group, and physique-dominated event group is shown by speed strength event-group. If it is classified by nature of competition and competitive tactics, the untouched confrontation event-group is the main event-group for winning Olympic gold medals for China.