武术与跆拳道运动发展的政治环境比较研究

A Comparative Study of Political Environment for Development of Wushu and Taekwondo

武术与跆拳道是中韩两国民族精神与体育项目的代表,它们在自身发展的道路上,一直和周围的各种社会环境因素有着密切的联系。二战以后武术和跆拳道的发展呈现出巨大的反差,跆拳道以惊人的速度迅速在全世界得到了推广与普及,而武术却逐步走入了低谷。为了探究其原因,主要采用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等方法,从社会学视角,对武术与跆拳道运动发展的社会政治环境进行了比较研究。结论:古代社会的政治环境使古代武术的发展和普及程度都远远胜于古跆拳道;现代跆拳道运动则在韩国政府的大力支持下,充分利用了其国内外的政治环境,成功地登上了奥运舞台。建议:新的历史条件下,应以科学发展观为指导,积极营造和努力把握适合中国武术发展的国际国内政治环境,借鉴现代跆拳道的发展模式,加快武术的国际化步伐;武术市场化应与政府投入相结合,早日完善武术市场经济体系,实现经济为武术发展服务,武术发展促进经济建设的良好局面;成立武术推广发展中心,组建相应的武术表演团队,提高武术在国外宣传和推广的效果;优化武术发展的讯息环境,以引起世界大众对武术的认识与关注,加大对各武术网站的管理力度,使之能真正地为武术的推广和发展服务。

Wushu and Taekwondo are respectively symbols of the national spirit and typical sport items for China and Korea.In the course of their development,they are closely related to the various factors of the social environment.After World War Ⅱ,the development of Wushu and Taekwondo showed a great contrast：Taekwondo was promoted and spread in the world at a surprising speed,while Wushu went downward gradually.In order to explore the causes,from the perspective of sociology,the authors made a comparative study of the social and political environment for the development of Wushu and Taekwondo by means of literature review,interviews with experts and logical analysis. It is concluded that the ancient political environment makes the development and spread of Wushu far superior to Taekwondo;with the support of the Korean government, modern Taekwondo has taken advantage of the political environment at home and abroad to step successfully onto the Olympic stage. It is proposed therefore, under the new historical conditions, guided by the scientific concept of development, we should strive to create and grasp the political environment suitable for developing Chinese Wushu at home and a- broad,and with reference to the developing model of modern Taekwondo, speed up the pace of internationalization of Chinese Wushu. On the other hand, market-oriented martial arts should be combined with government input,so as to perfect the market economy system of Wushu at an early date, realize the aim of economy serving for the development of Wushu and, in turn, promote the economic construction. Furthermore, a Wushu devel- opment and promotion center can be established,performance teams of Wushu can be set up to improve the publicity and promotion effects abroad. Finally, the information environment of the development of Wushu should be optimized to arouse the awareness and attention of the world,and the management of Wushu web sites should be enhanced so that they can really serve the promotion and development of Wushu.