白石砬子自然保护区主要森林类型土壤水源涵养功能研究

Study on the Water Conservation Capacities of Soil with Major Forest Types in Baishilazi Natural Reserve

森林土壤作为森林生态水文功能最重要的作用层，其涵养水源的能力对调节洪水和干旱、减弱并防止土壤侵蚀具有重要作用。从白石砬子自然保护区土壤类型与植物带相一致的垂直分布规律出发，对区内主要森林植被类型下的土壤水源涵养功能进行了研究。结果表明，不同林型土壤容重大小顺序为人工红松林〉鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林〉红松阔叶混交林〉杂木林〉蒙古栎林，且上层土壤容重均小于下层；不同林型土壤的毛管孔隙度、 非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、含水量、毛管最大持水量、渗透速度的大小均表现为蒙古栎林〉杂木林〉红松阔叶混交林〉鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林〉人工红松林，且每种林型的上层值均大于下层；不同林型土壤的蓄水量位于729.5-1 227.8 t/hm^2；蒙古栎林下土壤具有最好的水源涵养功能，其次为杂木林、红松阔叶混交林、鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林、人工红松林。

Forest soil as the most important function layer for the forest eco - hydrological role, its ability to conserve water sources in regulating floods and drought, reducing and preventing soil erosion plays an important role. Starting from the vertical distribution laws of soil types in line with plant zone in Baishilazi Nature Reserve, water conservation function of soil under major vegetation types of forest was studied. The results showed that soil bulk density in different forest types was in the order of artificial Korean pine forest 〉 forest of Picea jezoensis and Abies nephrolepis 〉 Korean pine broad-leaved mixed forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 Quercus mongolicus forest, and the bulk density of the upper soil was smaller than that of the lower soil. The capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, total porosity, water content, the maximum capillary water holding capacity, infiltration rate of different forest types were as follows： Quercus mongolicus forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 Korean pine broadleaved mixed forest 〉 forest of P. jezoensis and A. nephrolepis 〉 artificial Korean pine forest, and the values in the upper layer of each forest type was greater than that of the lower layer. The water storage capacity of soil under different forest types was between 729.5 - 1 227.8 t/hm^2. The water conservation function of soil under Quercus mongolicus forest was the best, followed by mixed forest, Korean pine broadleaved mixed forest, forest of P. jezoernsis and A. nephrolepis and artificial Korean pine forest.