摘要
本文的目的在于探讨经济发展过程中，劳动份额在初次分配中演变的一般规律，以及当前导致中国初次分配中劳动份额不断下降的结构性因素。我们的研究发现，在世界各国的经济发展过程中，在初次分配中劳动份额变化趋势呈现U型规律，即劳动份额先下降后上升，转折点约为人均GDP6000美元（2000年购买力平价）。我们提出了一个解释u型规律的理论模型。这一发现为库兹涅茨“倒U曲线假说”提供了更深层次的解释。我们还发现，中国初次分配中劳动份额的变动趋势是基本符合这一规律的。除此之外，影响我国劳动份额的因素还包括产业结构的以及劳动者相对谈判能力的变化。这些发现意味着，中国经济未来两年在初次分配中劳动份额可能会进入上升通道，中央政府为应对世界性金融危机而采取的一些政策性、结构性调整则有助于加快这一进程。
In this paper, we try to find some general rules and the structural factors that cause a fall in labor economic growth in countries all over the world, the by a U-shaped curve in which the tuming point is for labor share in primary distribution share. We show that, in the process of evolution of labor share is characterized $6,000 per capita GDP （in PPP, 2000）. We develop a model to explain this phenomenon that provides an in-depth explanation for Kuznets＇ inverted U hypothesis. Our findings indicate that the evolution of China＇s labor share is basically consistent with the model we have constructed. In addition, sectoral composition and the relative bargaining power of labor are also factors influencing labor share. These findings imply that labor share of primary distribution in China may enter an upward trajectory over the next two years. This process may be accelerated by the central government＇s policies for dealing with global financial crisis and by structural adjustment.
基金
This paper is one of the phased products of a joint research project undertaken in 2007 between the Micro-Group of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences （CASS） and CCWE, Tsinghua University. The micro-data employed come from a survey of firms conducted by the Institute of Economics, CASS, in 2006. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Education＇s Cheung Kong Scholars Program and the National Natural Science Foundation （project number： 70473048）.
