现代测量平差与数据处理理论的进展

Progress of modern surveying adjustment and theory of data processing

本文首先简述了现代测量平差中的各种理论与经典测量平差之间的关系,指出现代测量平差与数据处理理论仍然是以高斯-马尔柯夫模型为核心,通过该模型在不同层面上的扩充、发展形成了若干新理论、新方法,并以图描述了经典测量与现代测量数据处理中各种理论之间的关系。然后分别阐述了现代测量数据处理中粗差理论、系统误差的处理、病态问题的处理、非线性问题的处理、不等式约束的平差等的发展,最后综述了其他数据处理理论的一些发展情况。

This paper described the reIationship between the theories in modern surveying adjustment and the traditional surveying adjustment. It pointed out that the theories of modem surveying adjustment and the data processing should be still based on Gauss-Markov error model. Through enlargement and development in different aspects of the model, new theories and methods are worked out. A figure showing such relationship is given. Meanwhile, the theories on blunder detection, systematic error processing, ill-pose problem, nonlinear model, ineoualitv constraints are elaborated. At the last the progresses of other theories on data processing are summarized.