地震灾区移民搬迁选址方法初探——以5.12大地震后汶川县雁门地区为例

Preliminary study of site selection for the immigrants in Wenchuan earthquake

5.12汶川特大地震造成成千上万的家园被毁,震后灾区地质灾害频发,有些区域已不再适宜人们居住,灾民临时安置和灾后重建选址问题亟待解决。近年来,随着遥感技术的不断发展与GIS分析功能的逐步完善,遥感与GIS技术在工程选址中得到广泛应用,并取得一定成果。由于研究区背景不同,前人很少将地质灾害与植被盖度作为指标因子参与选址评价。本文以汶川县雁门地区为例,通过建立地质灾害、植被指数、水系、断层、坡度、高程六个评价指标体系,探讨了研究区的移民搬迁选址模型方案,为灾民搭建临时安置板房选址和灾后重建选址提供有力的理论依据,为决策者提供辅助参考。

The May12, 2008, Wenchuan enormous earthquakes destroyed thousands of homes and caused many geological disasters. Even some places are no longer fit for people living. So the temporary houses and the post-disaster reconstruction for victims become very urgent. Nowadays, with the development of remote sensing technology and GIS analysis function, it has been widely used in engineering locating, and attained a good result. Because of different research background, it is rarely found that geological disaster and vegetation coverage could be considered as the major factors for determining the location. This paper takes Yanmen area of Wenchuan region as an example. It considers geological disasters, vegetation index, water system, fault, gradient and elevation as modeling solution for the research area, and discusses the locating modeling. It is a good theoretical basis for site selection of the temporary houses and the post-disaster reconstruction, and should be a good reference for decision makers.