酒泉地区高空风速分布特征及影响因素

Analysis on Spatial Distribution and Affecting Factors of High-altitude Wind Velocity over the Jiuquan Region

利用酒泉国家气候观象台1980-2001年探空资料,分析其风速垂直分布和月、年际变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明：风速在对流层内随高度增加而增大,在200 hPa达到最大,对流层之上随高度增加而减小。酒泉站处在高空最大风带（副热带急流）最南和最北之间的位置,最大风带随季节南北移动,使酒泉站高空最大风呈现出规律性的季节变化。符合酒泉航天发射活动最佳气象条件的时间为每年10～11月。

High-altitude wind velocity is an important parameter which must be considered in designing space aircrafts, and it is one of the important factors in considering the timely completion of launching experiment of space aircrafts. One of the meteorological guaranteeing services for spaceflight is to forecast the High-altitude wind velocity. In this paper, the vertical distribution, annual and monthly change, and affecting factors of High-altitude wind velocity are analyzed based on the daily sounding data observed by Jiuquan National Climate Observatory during the period of 1980-2001. The results show that the wind velocity in troposphere increases with the increase of height and to its maximum at 200 hPa, but it decreases with the increase of height above troposphere. Jiuquan National Climate Observatory is located under an area between the southernmost and northernmost zones of upper air with the highest wind velocity （ subtropical jet flow）, and the northward with season, so the highest wind velocity in time for launching space aircrafts from Jiuquan is from zone with the highest wind velocity is shifted southward or High-altitude is regularly changed with season. The optimal October to November. The study results are referencable for providing the space meteorological guaranteeing service.