人类白细胞抗原-G和人类白细胞抗原-E在妊娠免疫耐受中的作用

Human leukocyte antigen-G and human leukocyte antigen-E in fetal-maternal tolerance

人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-G、-E同属非经典主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)Ⅰ类分子,于母胎界面滋养层细胞高表达,在妊娠免疫耐受中发挥重要作用。HLA-G和HLA-E主要通过和自然杀伤(NK)细胞、T淋巴细胞表面抑制性CD94/NKG2C受体或激活性CD94/NKG2A受体结合,抑制或激活免疫细胞效应,维持正常妊娠免疫耐受。HLA-G和HLA-E基因结构及表达异常可能与妊娠并发症相关,可作为判定正常妊娠和妊娠相关疾病指标。本文综述HLA-G和HLA-E结构和分布、与免疫细胞可能的作用机制以及相关临床应用,讨论其在维持母胎免疫耐受中的作用。

Human leukocyte antigen （HLA）-G and HLA-E belonging to non-classical major histocompatibility complex（MHC）class I molecules are expressed by trophoblasts at the fetal-maternal interface, and play an essential role in protecting fetus from maternal immune response. HLA-G and HLA-E bind to inhibitory CD94/NKG2C receptor or active CD94/NKG2 receptor expressed by immune cells such as natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. They exert their inhibitory or active effect on these immune cells to maintain fetal maternal immunologic balance. The abnormity of HLA-G and HLA-E structure and expression may result in pregnant complications. Herein, this paper reviews the structure and distribution of HLA-G and HLA-E and their roles played on immune cells in maternal-fetal immune tolerance.