三叉神经-面神经交通支及其临床意义

Connection of trigeminal nerve and facial nerve branches and its clinical significance

近年来,国内外文献已有许多关于三叉神经和面神经分支之间存在交通支的尸检报告,已发现的连接位置有三叉神经的眶下神经和面神经颊支,三叉神经的耳颞神经和面神经颞面干、颞支、颧支、颊支,三叉神经眶上神经与面神经颧支、颞支,三叉神经颏神经与面神经下颌缘支,三叉神经颊神经与面神经颧支、颊支、下颌缘支。本文就相关问题进行了综述,对其临床意义做了推测和分析。

[Summary] In recent years, many anatomical researches have showed that there are common and extensive connections between the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve.They are briefly outlined as follows： （1） The infraorbital nerve communicates with buccal branch of the facial nerve. （2） The aurieulotemporal nerve of the trigeminal nerve communicates with the buc- cal, zygomatic,temporal branches and the upper divisions of the facial nerve. （3） The supraorbital nerve communicates with the zygomatic and temporal branches of the facial nerve. （4） The mental nerve communicates with the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve. （5） The buccinator nerve communicates with the zygomatic, buccal and marginal mandibular branches. These communications between the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve are probably related to several clinical signs, for example,some trigeminal neuralgia patients are complicated by facial spasm, some patients appeared spontaneous partial functional recovery of mimetic muscles following surgical resection of a considerable segment of the facial nerve （including a portion of its main trunk and the peripheral plexus）, etc. The purpose of this article was to review the anatomical features and clinical significance of the communications between the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve.