负载型离子液体气相催化合成1-氯丁烷

Gas phase synthesis of 1-chlorobutane using supported ionic liquid catalysts

以活性碳为载体，考察了4种季铵盐类离子液体催化正丁醇和盐酸气相反应制备1－氯丁烷的性能。离子液体分别为盐酸三乙胺（[Et3NHJCl）、盐酸吡啶（[PyH]Cl）、盐酸N－甲基咪唑（[HMIM]C1）和氯代1－丁基－3．甲基咪唑（[BMIM]Cl）。前3种为离子液体的前驱体，[BMIM]CI为室温离子液体。考察了催化剂种类、反应温度、催化剂负载量和停留时间对反应的影响。结果表明，在负载量为15％，停留时间为1．5min，温度140～180℃条件下，正丁醇的转化率最高可达99％以上，1-氯丁烷的选择性最高可达98％以上。催化剂失活的原因主要是由于有机物在活性碳表面结焦所致。

The catalytic performance of four quaternary ammonium salts, [ Et3NH ] Cl, [ PyH] Cl, [ HMIM ] Cl and [BMIM]Cl, loaded on granular active carbon in the synthesis of 1-chlorobutane via the gas phase reaction of n-butanol and hydrochloric acid has been studied. The first three salts are ionic liquid precursors and the last one is an ionic liquid. The influence of varying the reaction temperature, the catalyst type, catalyst loading, and residence time on n-butanol conversion and selectivity to 1-chlorobutane were investigated. With a catalyst loading of 15 96, a temperature of 140 - 180 ℃ and a residence time of 1.5 min, all four catalysts showed excellent performance. The highest conversion and selectivity were both above 98 %. The main factor responsible for deactivation is coking of the organic materials on the active carbon surface.