对鲁迅所谓《三国演义》“缺点”的不同看法

Different Views on Lu Xun's So-called "Weaknesses" of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

鲁迅谓《三国演义》有三条"缺点",所论有失公允,甚至贬低了《三国演义》的艺术成就。《三国演义》叙事"七实三虚"已为后世历史演义小说创作所普遍接受,王渔洋"被它闹昏了"不是《三国演义》的失误。《三国演义》中"好的人"也有"坏处","不好的人"也有"好处",并未"出乎情理之外"。《三国演义》"作者所表现的和作者所想象的"是否不一致,无法说清楚,"文章和主意"完全"符合"是不存在的,成功的作品皆"形象大于思想",曹操的"豪爽多智"和诸葛亮的"狡猾",恰好说明人物性格的复杂多维,这是小说艺术的成功。

In Lu xun＇s opinion, there are three “faults” in “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”. This evaluation seems unfair to some extent, and even belittles the magnum opus＇s artistic achievements more or less. It is generally accepted by the subsequent historical romance novels that the narrative in the works is “Reality accounts for the 70 percent, while fiction for 30”. As a result, it is not the mistake made by“the Romance of The Three Kingdoms” that makes Wang yuyang feel faint. Among the characters in “three king-doms”, “good people” also having some “shortcomings” and “the evil ones” having “strong points” as well make the plots very reasonable. We cannot make it clear whether what the writer of “three kingdoms” finally expresses and what he originally intends to express are consistent or not. It is impossible to make objective characters displayed by the words correspond with the writer＇s subjective and initial intentions on describing these figures absolutely. In all the successful works, the connotation reflected by the characters cannot be summarized in simple words. For example, Cao cao＇s honesty and intelligence and Zhuge liang＇s cunning reflect the characters＇ complexity felicitously, which is a great fiction artistic success.