明代文士游幕与文学创作关系初探——以徐渭为个案

Xu Wei's study of the mobile scholars and literature writings in Ming dynasty

作为明代游幕文士的代表人物,徐渭的游幕经历具有比较典范的意义,其诗文创作与之息息相关。幕府制度的改变,使得众多文士的游幕动机不再以入仕迁转为目标,而是明显带有经济化的特征。从幕修等实际所得考察,明代游幕文士的生存处境是比较恶劣的。他们在幕中的写作方式以代笔为主,具体内容则因幕主的社交需要而定,这直接抑制了幕客们真情实感的表达,并制约着他们文学才华的发挥,最终影响到此类作品的文学价值。另一方面,游幕又为徐渭等布衣之士提供了近距离接触军国大事和开阔视野的良机,还能使他们广交诗朋文友,进而丰富其诗文创作的题材与内容,同时也有助于文学传播空间的拓展。

Xu Wei is a representative of the mobile literati of Ming dynasty, whose experience is typical of his writing. The change of mobile literati from pursuit of officials aims at obvious pursuit of economy. The living of the mobiles is hard, for they are engaged in ghostwriting. The topic is given by the master depending on the social activities. On the other hand, mobiles have opportunities to contact eventful matters of the state, and friends enrich their poems and essays.