中国行政纠纷解决的制度选择——以公民需求为视角

Institutional Options for Administrative Disputes in China——From the Perspective of the Needs of the Public

利用一个于2005年在中国28个省份进行的综合社会调查数据(CGSS2005),对中国行政纠纷的分布以及中国公民如何有针对性地进行纠纷解决的制度选择进行定量经验研究。研究发现,针对行政纠纷,现阶段中国公民的法律意识并不淡漠。但现实的制约使得一些公民采取司法程序及准司法程序之外的渠道解决此类纠纷。公民对中国行政纠纷解决存在事实上的"双轨"制度需求,即,公民对通过(准)司法渠道和党政渠道解决纠纷有同等程度的需求。此外,不同社会群体对行政纠纷解决渠道的选择偏好也呈现多元性。基于经验研究,对当前的相关研究进行理论和方法论的反思,并呼吁理论研究和制度建设做到真正了解并尊重公民的意愿。

On the basis of a comprehensive social survey conducted in 28 provinces in 2005(CGSS2005),we chose to conduct empirical research on the distribution of administrative disputes and Chinese citizens' purposeful institutional choices in dealing with such disputes.Our study found that as regards administrative disputes,today's Chinese citizens are by no means apathetic in respect of the law.However,practical constraints mean that some citizens resort to other means of dispute resolution than the judicial or quasi-judicial process.Actually,a two-track system exists in Chinese citizens' resolution of administrative disputes;that is,they have the same level of demand for(quasi-)judicial channels and party/government channels in the resolution of disputes of this kind.In addition,different social groups show a great variety of preferences in terms of choice of channels for dealing with such disputes.Based on empirical research,we argue for further reflection on the theory and methodology of this kind of research today and call on theoretical research and institutional construction to have a genuine understanding of and respect for citizens' wishes.