家族崛起与地域社会资源的再分配——以明代永乐、宣德之际江西泰和为中心

The rise of families and the redistributing of regional social resources——taking Tai-ho County,Kiangsi Province,China from Yongle to Xuande of Ming Dynasty as a case study

明代江西泰和因具有故家多、人文昌、文献丰等特征而富有典型性。通过对永乐、宣德之际崛起于该县的35个代表性家族的分析,可以发现:儒、富、贵几种社会资源不仅是家族崛起的重要条件,它们之间相互为用的关系又是崛起家族将既有资源转化为发展资源而实现再生增殖的根本机制。在家族崛起的过程中,其拓展社会资源的方式基本不受制度约束,这最终致使泰和地域社会资源分配格局呈现由分散到集中,乃至垄断的样态。那些在新王朝中较早崛起的家族往往占据了资源分配格局的中心位置。

Tai-ho County, Kiangsi Province in Ming Dynasty had many characteristics such as too many huge families, prosperous culture, plenty of historical documents and so on. Through the studying of 35 big families which growing up between Yongle and Xuande Dynasty in Tai-ho County, we can find that literacy, wealthy and powerful were not only the crucial qualifications of the growth up of families, the closely connection of this three points were also essential conditions for the grown up families to own much more social resources. During the rising procession of families, no national policy was adopted to limit the means of families＇ possession of social resources. Then it led to the result of the concentration of regional social resources to a few families which grow earlier up in the new dynasty.