叔本华和早期维特根斯坦关于“世界”观念之比较

A Comparative Study of the Idea of "World" between Schopenhauer and the Early Wittgenstein

叔本华和早期维特根斯坦的"世界"观念有区别,从世界结构方面看,叔本华的"世界"由"表象"和"意志"两个部分构成;而维特根斯坦的"世界"则是一个由命题来描述的基本事实和复杂事实共同组成的逻辑空间、世界。从世界本质方面看,叔本华认为世界本质就是"意志",从而他的二元世界本质上还是一元世界;维特根斯坦虽然试图通过逻辑来消除关于"世界"的本质主义思想,但是他最终仍未逃脱本质主义的窠臼而只是用逻辑置换了传统的实体。叔本华和早期维特根斯坦关于"世界"观念的转变从一个侧面反映了从认识论向语言哲学的近代转向。

This paper compares the idea of ＂world＂ between Schopenhauer and the early Wittgenstein. From the perspective of world structure, Schopenhauer; world consists of presentation and will, while the world of Wittgenstein is a logical space which is made up of basic and complicated facts expressed by propositions. From the view of world essence, Schopenhauer＇ s world is will at its root; while Wittgenstein~ s is logic, though he attempts to eliminate essentialism in his Tractates. This change of the idea of world somewhat reflects the transformation from modern epistemology to linguistic philosophy.