旅游合同性质决定之局限性探讨——以日本的学说及裁判实践为例

A Discussion about the Limitations Decided by the Nature of Tour Contracts——A View from the Theory and Judicial Practice in Japan

关于旅游合同性质,国内多有争论。其中,新近出台的《旅行社条例》与旅游合同性质争论之间的相关性亦值得探讨。日本民法学说及裁判实践中也存在着激烈的争论。日本通说认为包价旅游合同的性质为委托或准委托,但已有越来越多的学说和裁判实践放弃了旅游合同的性质争论,转而采取了更为务实的做法。合同性质认定的作用在包价旅游合同领域的作用逐渐降低。通过解释具体的合同条款或标准合同条款来推导出具体的行为义务,成为旅游合同领域的重要手法。我国《合同法》适用中的合同性质决定亦可以借鉴该手法。

In China, there are many disputes about tour contracts. There are also fierce arguments in Japanese theory of civil law and judicial practice. The dominant ideology in Japan considers package tour contract as commission contract. Now these arguments have been abandoned and more effective way has been adopted in current theories and judicial practice. The function of judgment about package tour contract is being gradually reduced. It has become an important way to solve the dispute in the field of tour contract by seeking the concrete obligation via the interpretation of contract clauses. We can use this for reference in the application of ＂Contract Law＂.