证据法中推定的几个问题——兼评最高法院司法解释中的相关规定

Several Problems Infered and Judged in Law of Evidence——Commenting on the Relevant Regulations of Justice Explanation of the Supreme Court

证据法中的推定是一种特殊的证明规则,法律(广义)基于特定目的将诉讼中的某些事实预设为真实,法院在不存在合理反证的情况下,应该直接认定这些事实。它仅指法律上可反驳的推定,所谓事实上的推定和无基础事实的推定均不是证据法上的推定。适用推定必须遵守法定程序。推定的存在及其效力,应依裁判地的法律加以确定。

Estimation is a kind of special testifying rules according to which court should affirm some facts directly assumed to be true by law for particular purposes in proceedings unless there is counterevidence. It only refers to refutable estimation in law, the so-called estimation in practice and estimation without basic facts are not estimation in law of evidence. Application estimation rule must obey the statutory procedures. The existence and effect of estimation should be ascertained according to the law of the adjudicating place.