气候变化对豫西旱地冬小麦生育的影响及对策

Effect and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Winter Wheat Growing in Dry Land of Western Henan

以豫西伊川县为例,分析丘陵区旱地冬小麦生育期气候变化规律。观测资料表明,冬小麦生育期气温呈上升而降水呈减少趋势,以春季气温增幅和降水减幅最大。气候变暖,使冬小麦发育进程加快,除分蘖期、越冬开始期和抽穗期推迟外,其余发育期均有所提前,以成熟期表现最为明显,每10年提前4.90d,其次为返青期,每10年提前3.30d。生育前期,播种至起身期发育间隔日数明显缩短,越冬期推迟,开花至乳熟期间隔日数稍有缩短。起身至开花期发育期间隔日数延长,全生育期每10年缩短了9.05d。产量结构因素表现为:有效穗数每10年减少44.65茎/m2,穗粒数每10年减少3.70粒,千粒重每10年增加2.24g。针对气候变化对豫西旱地冬小麦生长发育、产量因素的影响,提出了适应气候变化的对策。

Take the Yuxi Yichuan County as an example, the climate changes of dry land winter wheat growing period in hilly area were analyzed. Observational data indicated that the stage of winter wheat had a tendency of increased temperatures and decreased precipitation, the in- crease amplitude of temperature and amplitude reduction of precipitation in the spring were largest. Climate warming speeded up the process of winter wheat, with the exception of tillering stage, heading stage of the winter period and heading stage delayed, the other growth stages all ad- vanced, especially at mature stage, 10 a in advance of each 4.90d, followed by turning green period, each 10 a in advance 3.30 d. In the earlier growing stage, the alternate days in growing period from sowing to setting stage significantly shortened Winter period delayed, the alternate days shorted form flower to milky maturity stage slightly shortened . The alternate days from setting to flower stage in growing stage prolonged, the whole growth period shortened 9.05 d each 10 a. Production of structural factors as follows： effective panicle numbers reduced 44.65 per panicle stenr/m2 per 10 a , kernel numbers reduced 3.70 particles per 10 a, 1 000-grain weight increased 2.24 g per 10 a. According to climate change on winter wheat growth and development in Western Henan Province, the output factors, suitable climate change coun- termeasures were put forward. Key words Climate change; Winter wheat growing; Adaptation strategy