湖北江汉平原魔芋种植技术

Preliminary Study on the Cropping Patterns of Amorphophallus konjac in Plain Areas

[目的]探索在江汉平原规模化种植魔芋的耕作模式。[方法]从种芋消毒、选地整地、播种期选择、施肥与除草、出苗后管理等方面详细介绍了种植魔芋的操作要点。[结果]用甲醛+高锰酸钾、石硫合剂、农用硫酸链霉素处理的魔芋球茎和对照的含菌量分别为17、16、168和242u/g,其种植后的发病率分别为8.3%、6.2%和34.1%,未处理的对照的发病率为45.6%。意杨林和柑橘林的林间空地适宜种植魔芋,在意杨林中垄宽1.5m,每垄种2行;在柑橘林中垄宽80～100cm,每垄种1行。最佳播期为4月下旬至5月上旬。小魔芋种(10～50g)株距为50cm;中号魔芋种(50～100g)株距为60cm;大魔芋种(100～250g)株距为80cm。出苗期使用"软腐菌克"进行病害的田间防治,齐苗后喷施15%多效唑可湿性粉剂可增加产量。在后熟阶段挖收魔芋。[结论]该研究为魔芋在平原地区的推广种植提供了成功的模式。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to explore the farming modes of planting Amorphophallus konjac in large scale in Jianghan Plain. [ Method] The operation main points of planting A. konjac were introduced in details in the aspects of seed-tuber disinfection, land selection and preparation, choice of sowing date, fertilization and weeding, management after seedling emergence and so on. [ Result] The amount of bacteria of A. konjac corm treated with methanal ＋ permanganie potassium, lime sulphur, the agricultural streptomyeini suffas and controlled ones were 17, 16, 168 and 242 u/g resp. , and their incidences after planting were g. 3% , 6.2% , 34.1% and 45.6% resp. The A. konjac was suitable for planting in the glades of poplar and citrus forests, the ridge breadth of poplar forest was 1.5 m, 2 rows were planted per ridge ; the ridge breadth of citrus forest was 80 - 100 cm and 1 row was planted per ridge. The best sowing time was the last 10 d of April and the first 10 d of May. The plant spacing of small A. konjac seeds （ 10 - 50 g） was 50 em, that of the middle A. konjac seeds （50 - 100 g） was 60 era, and that of the big A. konjac seeds （50 -250 g） was 80 em. The ＂Ruanfujunke＂ was used for field disease control in the period of emergence. The spraying of 15% of paelobutrazol wettable powder after full seedling stand could increase yield. The A. konjacs were dug and collected at post-ripening stage. [ Conclusion ] The study laid a foundation for planting widely of A. konjac in the plain areas.