无腺体棉仁食用价值的研究──Ⅱ.致突变性、致畸性和二代繁殖试验

STUDY ON EDIBILITY OF GLANDLESS COTTONSEED KERNELS Ⅱ.TESTS OF MUTAGENICITY,TERATOGENICITY AND REPRODUCTION

用含不同浓度（1，10，100，500，1000，5000ug／平皿）的无腺体棉仁（GCK）二甲亚砜（DMSO）提取物各0．1mL。对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌突变株（TA100，TA98，TA102，TA97）作Ames试验，结果表明试验组与阴性对照一致。取含40％（Ⅰ），20％（Ⅱ）GCK饲料和对照饲料（Ⅲ）喂养3个月的SD大鼠用环磷酰胺50mg／ks·d灌胃染毒的大鼠（阳性对照，Ⅳ）作骨髓细胞染色体畸变分析，结果表明试验鼠的骨髓细胞染色体畸变率与阴性对照（Ⅲ）一致（PM0．05），与阳性对照差异极显著（P＜0．001）。选用LACA小鼠，Ⅰ，Ⅱ组分别喂以未脱脂和脱脂的纯GCK，Ⅲ组喂以基础饲料为阴性对照，Ⅳ组用前法灌胃染毒并喂以见Ⅲ相同饲料作阳性对照，分组交配，作显性致死试验观察，结果试验鼠的致突变指数，5周内均在5以下与阴性对照一致，而阳性对照前三周就高达24．0，28．8和31．1。采用与染色体畸变分析试验相同的喂养条件分组，阳性对照（Ⅳ）改为1mg／kg·d敌枯双灌胃染毒，用SD大鼠作对胚胎毒性影响的致畸试验，结果表明，供试孕鼠的妊娠期情况与阴性对照一致，胎活仔率在95．7％以上，胚胎吸收率在5％以下。仔鼠发育正常，外观、内脏、骨骼无畸变现象。同样试验条件下的二代繁殖试验表明，孕鼠妊娠期情况、平均产仔数。

This paper reports the test results of mutagenicity,teratogenicity and reproduction of rats fed with glandless cottonseed kernels (GCK ). In the mutagenic test. Ames test was conducted with the mutant strains of S. typhimuium: TA100, TA98, TA102, TA97 on plate culture medium containing 0. 1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide--extracted solution of GCK at different concentrations (1, 10, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 μg/plate ) and negative results was obtained. Test of chromosomal aberration in bone marrow cells was conducted by feeding SD rats (closed group ) with 40% (Ⅰ ), 20% (Ⅱ) GCK, basic feed (negative control, Ⅲ ) and basic feed in combination with gastric lavage with 50 mg/kg cyclo phosphamide (positive control, Ⅳ);the results were the same as the preceding test. Dominant lethal test was conducted by feeding LACA mice with non--defatted (Ⅰ) or defatted (Ⅱ) pure GCK;the negative (Ⅲ) and positive controls (Ⅳ) were the same as the above;the results showed that the mutation indexes were under 5 for groups Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ in five weeks,24, 28. 8 and 31. 1 for group Ⅳ at lst,2nd,3rd weeks,respectively. The SD rats were used to conduct the test of teratogenicity and embryotoxicity,the feeds used in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were the same as in the test of chromosomal aberration;in the positive control (Ⅳ) the basic feed was combined with gastric lavage with 1 mg/kg Dexon from lst day to 15th day; the results showed that pregnant rats in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ were normal as in the negative control (Ⅲ);the live fetus rates were all over 95. 7%,the rates of embryonic resorption all under 5% and the newborn rats did not show any abnormality in the aspects of development,body form,viscera and skeleton. In the twogeneration reproduction test,the rats in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ did not show remarkable differences in fetation,4--day litter survival rate and lactation period as compared to the control (Ⅲ).