模糊回指及其语用功能

Vague Reference and Its Pragmatic Functions

传统的回指研究要求回指语(或回指项)与其先行语(或先行项)之间的关系是明确和唯一的,这是回指编码与解码得以完成的一个基本条件。然而,我们也常常会遇到回指模糊的情形。如果回指模糊不是由于语用失误所造成,它通常具有两种形式:拥有多个实际的先行项或者指称词语信息量不足。模糊回指一般具有表达简洁、避谈禁忌话题、淡化处理和创造朦胧美的意境等功能。正确并全面地认识模糊回指不仅有助于提高语言的表现力,而且还能使各种回指解决方案愈加完善。

The traditional anaphofic study calls for a definite and one-to-one relationship between anaphor and antecedent. That is one of the basic conditions for the successful anaphoric encoding and decoding. But correct and vague references are no exception. Not considering any pragmatic errors, a vague reference normally takes one of two forms ： having two or more actual antecedents, or inadequate store of information in the referring expressions. Vague references usually have the following pragmatic functions ： concise expression, avoidance of taboo topics, de-emphasizing, and the creation of vague and fascinating images. A correct and comprehensive understanding of vague references can not only facilitate expressions but help produce more effective anaphoric mechanisms.